Lista czasowników nieregularnych w języku angielskim jak się uczyć?
Czasowniki nieregularne w Języku Angielskim: jak się uczyć?
Czasowniki nieregularne są jednym z największych wyzwań w nauce języka angielskiego. W przeciwieństwie do czasowników regularnych, które tworzą formy czasu przeszłego i imiesłowu czasu przeszłego poprzez dodanie końcówki „-ed”, czasowniki nieregularne wymagają zapamiętania każdej formy oddzielnie. W tym artykule omówimy, czym są czasowniki nieregularne, jak je rozpoznać oraz jakie strategie nauki mogą pomóc w ich skutecznym opanowaniu.
Czym są czasowniki nieregularne?
Czasowniki nieregularne to takie, które nie podlegają standardowym regułom odmiany w czasie przeszłym (Past Simple) i trzeciej formie (Past Participle). Przykładowo:
- be – was/were – been,
- go – went – gone,
- take – took – taken.
Ich nauka wymaga indywidualnego podejścia, ponieważ nie stosują się do żadnych reguł gramatycznych, jak to ma miejsce w przypadku czasowników regularnych.
Dlaczego czasowniki nieregularne są ważne?
W języku angielskim istnieje około 200 czasowników nieregularnych, z których wiele jest niezwykle często używanych w codziennej komunikacji. Przykładowo, czasowniki takie jak be, have, do, czy see pojawiają się w niemal każdej rozmowie. Dlatego ich znajomość jest kluczowa zarówno w mowie, jak i w piśmie.
Jak uczyć się czasowników nieregularnych?
1e istnieje wiele skutecznych metod, które mogą ułatwić ten proces. Oto kilka kroków i wskazówek:
1. Poznaj podstawowe grupy czasowników nieregularnych
Podziel czasowniki na grupy według podobnych wzorców odmiany. Na przykład:
- Takie same formy we wszystkich czasach:
cut – cut – cut, put – put – put - Formy przeszłe takie same, ale inne niż bezokolicznik:
keep – kept – kept, sleep – slept – slept - Całkowicie różne formy:
go – went – gone, see – saw – seen
2. Ucz się partiami
Nie próbuj nauczyć się wszystkich czasowników na raz. Zacznij od najczęściej używanych (np. go, have, see, take), a potem stopniowo dodawaj kolejne.
3. Stwórz listę czasowników
Przygotuj sobie listę czasowników nieregularnych (np. w tabelce) w trzech formach:
| Bezokolicznik (Infinitive) | Past Simple | Past Participle | Wymowa (IPA) | Znaczenie po polsku | Przykład zdania |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| arise | arose | arisen | /əˈraɪz/ | powstawać, wstawać | The sun arose over the mountains. |
| awake | awoke | awakened | /əˈweɪk/ | budzić się | She awoke early in the morning. |
| be (am/is/are) | was, were | been | /biː/ | być | She has been to Paris many times. |
| become | became | become | /bɪˈkʌm/ | stać się, zostawać kimś/czymś | He has become a great artist. |
| begin | began | begun | /bɪˈɡɪn/ | zaczynać | The show began an hour ago. |
| beget | begot | begotten | /bɪˈɡɛt/ | spłodzić, wywołać | He begot several children. |
| beset | beset | beset | /bɪˈsɛt/ | otoczyć, atakować | The city was beset by enemies. |
| bet | bet | bet | /bɛt/ | obstawiać | He bet on the horse race. |
| bid | bid | bid | /bɪd/ | licytować, prosić | She bid on the painting. |
| bind | bound | bound | /baɪnd/ | wiązać | The rope bound the package. |
| bleed | bled | bled | /bliːd/ | krwawić | The wound bled heavily. |
| blow | blew | blown | /bloʊ/ | dmuchać | The wind blew strongly. |
| blush | blushed | blushed | /blʌʃ/ | rumienić się | She blushed at the compliment. |
| break | broke | broken | /breɪk/ | łamać, pękać, rozbić, tłuc | He has broken his phone. |
| bring | brought | brought | /brɪŋ/ | przynosić, przyprowadzić | She brought some flowers. |
| build | built | built | /bɪlt/ | budować | They built a new school last year. |
| burn | burnt | burnt | /bɜːrn/ | palić się | The fire burnt down the house. |
| buy | bought | bought | /baɪ/ | kupować | I bought a new book yesterday. |
| cast | cast | cast | /kæst/ | rzucać, obsadzać | The director cast the actor in the lead role. |
| catch | caught | caught | /kɔːt/ | łapać | He caught the ball easily. |
| choose | chose | chosen | /tʃuːz/ | wybierać | She has chosen the blue dress. |
| cling | clung | clung | /klɪŋ/ | przylegać | The child clung to its mother. |
| clothe | clothed | clothed | /kloʊð/ | ubierać | She clothed the doll. |
| come | came | come | /kʌm/ | przyjść, przyjechać | He came to the party late. |
| cost | cost | cost | /kɒst/ | kosztować | The repair cost a lot of money. |
| creep | crept | crept | /kriːp/ | pełzać | The insect crept across the floor. |
| cut | cut | cut | /kʌt/ | ciąć, kroić, skaleczyć | She cut the paper neatly. |
| do | did | done | /duː/ | robić | I have done my homework. |
| draw | drew | drawn | /drɔː/ | rysować, pociągnąć, remisować | He drew a beautiful picture. |
| dream | dreamed, dreamt | dreamed, dreamt | /driːm/ | śnić, marzyć | She dreamt of visiting Paris. |
| drink | drank | drunk | /drɪŋk/ | pić | He drank all the water. |
| drive | drove | driven | /draɪv/ | prowadzić, kierować się czymś | She has driven across the country. |
| dwell | dwelt | dwelt | /dwɛl/ | mieszkać | They dwelt in the mountains. |
| eat | ate | eaten | /iːt/ | jeść | I have eaten sushi before. |
| fall | fell | fallen | /fɔːl/ | padać, upadać, spadać | The leaves have fallen from the trees. |
| feel | felt | felt | /fiːl/ | czuć | She felt cold during the trip. |
| find | found | found | /faɪnd/ | znaleźć | They found a solution quickly. |
| fly | flew | flown | /flaɪ/ | latać | The bird has flown away. |
| forswear | forswore | forsworn | /fɔrˈsweər/ | odwoływać przysięgę | He forswore his oath. |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | /fɔrˈseɪk/ | opuszczać | He forsook his family. |
| get | got | got | /ɡɛt/ | dostawać | He has got a new job. |
| give | gave | given | /ɡɪv/ | dawać | She gave me a gift. |
| go | went | gone | /ɡoʊ/ | iść | They have gone to the cinema. |
| grow | grew | grown | /ɡroʊ/ | rosnąć | The plant has grown quickly. |
| have | had | had | /hæv/ | mieć | She had a great time. |
| hear | heard | heard | /hɪər/ | słyszeć | I heard the news yesterday. |
| hew | hewed | hewn | /hjuː/ | tłuc, kształtować | The wood was hewn into a statue. |
| hide | hid | hidden | /haɪd/ | chować się | The child hid behind the curtain. |
| hit | hit | hit | /hɪt/ | uderzać | He hit the ball with the bat. |
| hold | held | held | /hoʊld/ | trzymać, utrzymywać, posiadać | She held the baby gently. |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | /hɜːt/ | ranić, boleć | He hurt his leg while playing. |
| keep | kept | kept | /kiːp/ | trzymać | She kept the promise she made. |
| knead | kneaded | kneaded | /niːd/ | wyrabiać ciasto | She kneaded the dough. |
| knit | knitted | knitted | /nɪt/ | dziać | She knitted a sweater. |
| know | knew | known | /noʊ/ | znać, wiedzieć | He has known her for years. |
| lay | laid | laid | /leɪ/ | kłaść | She laid the book on the table. |
| lead | led | led | /lɛd/ | prowadzić | He led the team to victory. |
| lean | leant | leant | /liːn/ | opierać się | He leant against the wall. |
| leap | leapt | leapt | /liːp/ | skakać | The athlete leapt over the hurdle. |
| learn | learnt, learned | learnt, learned | /lɜːrn/ | uczyć się | She learnt to play the piano. |
| leave | left | left | /liːv/ | opuszczać, wyjeżdżać, zostawiać | They left the party early. |
| lend | lent | lent | /lɛnt/ | pożyczać | She lent me her book. |
| let | let | let | /lɛt/ | pozwalać | She let him go. |
| lie | lay | lain | /laɪ/ | leżeć | He lay on the beach. |
| light | lit | lit | /laɪt/ | zapalać | She lit the candle. |
| lose | lost | lost | /luːz/ | tracić, zgubić | He lost his wallet. |
| make | made | made | /meɪk/ | robić, wykonywać | She made a delicious cake. |
| mean | meant | meant | /miːn/ | znaczyć, oznaczać; mieć na myśli | What he said meant a lot to me. |
| meet | met | met | /miːt/ | spotykać, poznać | We met at the conference. |
| pay | paid | paid | /peɪ/ | płacić | He paid for dinner last night. |
| put | put | put | /pʌt/ | kłaść | She put the book on the table. |
| read | read | read | /riːd/ | czytać | I read an interesting book. |
| ride | rode | ridden | /raɪd/ | jeździć | He rode his bike to school. |
| ring | rang | rung | /rɪŋ/ | dzwonić | The phone rang during dinner. |
| rise | rose | risen | /raɪz/ | wstawać, podnosić się | The sun rose over the mountains. |
| run | ran | run | /rʌn/ | biegać | She has run a marathon before. |
| say | said | said | /seɪ/ | mówić | He said he would come. |
| see | saw | seen | /siː/ | widzieć | I have seen that movie. |
| seek | sought | sought | /siːk/ | szukać | She sought help. |
| sell | sold | sold | /sɛl/ | sprzedawać | They sold their house last year. |
| send | sent | sent | /sɛnd/ | wysyłać | She sent me an email. |
| set | set | set | /sɛt/ | ustawiać, stawiać | She set the table. |
| sew | sewed | sewn | /soʊ/ | szyć | She sewed a dress. |
| shake | shook | shaken | /ʃeɪk/ | potrząsać | He shook hands with her. |
| shine | shone | shone | /ʃaɪn/ | świecić | The sun shone brightly. |
| shoot | shot | shot | /ʃuːt/ | strzelać | He shot the arrow. |
| show | showed | shown | /ʃoʊd/ | pokazywać | He showed me the new design. |
| sing | sang | sung | /sɪŋ/ | śpiewać | He has sung in the choir. |
| sit | sat | sat | /sɪt/ | siedzieć, siadać | They sat by the fireplace. |
| sleep | slept | slept | /sliːp/ | spać | She slept for eight hours. |
| speak | spoke | spoken | /spiːk/ | mówić, rozmawiać | She has spoken to the manager. |
| spend | spent | spent | /spɛnt/ | spędzać, wydawać | He spent all his money. |
| stand | stood | stood | /stænd/ | stać | He stood by the door. |
| steal | stole | stolen | /stiːl/ | kraść | They stole his bicycle. |
| stick | stuck | stuck | /stɪk/ | przyklejać | The sticker stuck to the wall. |
| sting | stung | stung | /stɪŋ/ | parzyć | The bee stung him. |
| stink | stank | stunk | /stɪŋk/ | śmierdzieć | The fish stank. |
| stride | strode | stridden | /straɪd/ | stawać | The athlete strode across the field. |
| strike | struck | struck | /straɪk/ | uderzać, strajkować | The workers struck for better wages. |
| swear | swore | sworn | /sweər/ | przysięgać | He swore to tell the truth. |
| sweep | swept | swept | /swiːpt/ | zamiatać | She swept the floor. |
| swim | swam | swum | /swɪm/ | pływać | She swam across the river. |
| take | took | taken | /teɪk/ | brać | She has taken a day off. |
| teach | taught | taught | /tiːtʃ/ | uczyć | He taught us mathematics. |
| tell | told | told | /tɛl/ | powiedzieć | I told you the truth. |
| think | thought | thought | /θɪŋk/ | myśleć, sądzić, uważać | She thought about the problem. |
| throw | threw | thrown | /θroʊ/ | rzucać | He threw the ball far. |
| understand | understood | understood | /ʌndərˈstænd/ | rozumieć | He understood the concept. |
| wake | woke | woken | /weɪk/ | budzić | She has woken up early today. |
| wear | wore | worn | /weə/ | nosić, zakładać | He wore a suit to the party. |
| win | won | won | /wʌn/ | wygrywać | They won the championship. |
| write | wrote | written | /raɪt/ | pisać | He has written a book. |
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